Spatial Analysis over the Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on the Mortality Rate in Iranian Provinces

Background: Many previous empirical studies indicated appropriate implementation of the fiscal decentralization and transfer of resources and expenses from the central government to local governments was an important factor to improve health outcomes in developing countries. Accordingly, the major purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of fiscal decentralization indicators on the mortality rate (as an indicators of health measurement) in Iranian provinces. Methods: This study uses the statistical data of variables affecting the mortality rate in provinces of Iran to study the spatial effects of fiscal decentralization indicators on the mortality rate during 2006-2015. To this end, the spatial econometric approach was used. Furthermore, the statistical analyses were performed using the Matlab software. Results: Findings of the model's estimation indicate that indicators of the fiscal decentralization and mortality rate had a negative and significant relationship. In this regard, 1 % increase in fiscal decentralization indicators of income and expenditure decreased  the mortality rate by 0.19 % and 0.10 % in provinces of Iran, respectively. Other results showed that the spatial proximity effect between provinces of Iran had a positive and significant effect on the mortality rate. Conclusion: By providing the necessary conditions for expansion of fiscal decentralization, the health level can be promoted in provinces of Iran.